Relationship of Self-Esteem to Objective Success: Is it a Cause or Cons

It has been stipulated that self- love is one of the most canvas concepts in social psychology. In the now syllabusic study Pygmalion in the socio-economic classroom by Rosenthal and Jacobsen, it highlights how teachers unfounded beliefs about their students became objective realities of the students performance (Baumeister, Campbell, Krueger, & Vohs, 2003, p. 2). archaeozoic studies deal this one has ignited the pursuit to find ways to subjoin vanity and encourage instillment, or creation, of self-conceit to guarantee future victor. Because it is so popularly studied, firmnesss of studies investigating variables associated with self-esteem often significantly vary. In our unmarriedistic culture, having high-self esteem is a coveted state. Through multiple studies exploring this topic, perhaps a decision can be made about the relationship betwixt self-esteem and success. Is self-esteem a predictor of success or a result of achieving the success? A previous stud y called Predictors of situational insularism in the schoolman setting, the authors Stephan, Caudroit, Boich, and Sarrazin (2011) examined the predictors of discounting or devaluing negative feedback in a physical upbringing class in France. By comparing the makes received in class (of which the participants were informed) and the reports of the students typesetters case of motivation, as well as their perceived competence in the compositors case (p.446). The researchers measured the level of disengagement and perceived competence interest receiving the individual grades. They identified three different kinds of motivation is from the self-determination possible action native motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation, or absence of motivation (p.444). If an unsatisfactory grade was receiv... ...eral self-esteem to school achievement. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 599-564. Ramsdal, G.H. (2008). Differential relations amid 2 dimensions of self-esteem and the Big Five? Scandinavian daybook of Psychology, 49, 333-338. Stephan, Y., Caudroit, J., Boich, J., Sarrazin, P. (2011). Predictors of situational disengagement in the academic setting The contribution of grades, perceived competence, and academic motivation. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 441-455. Stumpp, T., Muck, P.M., Hlscheger, U.R., Judge, T.A., & Mair, G.W. (2010). Core self-evaulations in GermanyValidation of a German measure of its relationship with career success. Applied Psychoology An International Review, 59, 674-700. Zhang, M., & Cross, S.E. (2011). sense is memories of success and failure A cultural perspective. Emotion, 11, 866-880. Relationship of Self-Esteem to Objective victor Is it a Cause or Cons It has been stipulated that self-esteem is one of the most studied concepts in social psychology. In the now classic study Pygmalion in the Classroom by Rosenthal and Jacobsen, it highlights how teachers unfounded beliefs abou t their students became objective realities of the students performance (Baumeister, Campbell, Krueger, & Vohs, 2003, p. 2). Early studies like this one has ignited the pursuit to find ways to increase self-esteem and encourage instillment, or creation, of self-esteem to guarantee future success. Because it is so popularly studied, results of studies investigating variables associated with self-esteem often significantly vary. In our laissez-faire(a) culture, having high-self esteem is a coveted state. Through multiple studies exploring this topic, perhaps a conclusion can be made about the relationship between self-esteem and success. Is self-esteem a predictor of success or a result of achieving the success? A previous study called Predictors of situational disengagement in the academic setting, the authors Stephan, Caudroit, Boich, and Sarrazin (2011) examined the predictors of discounting or devaluing negative feedback in a physical education class in France. By comparing the grades received in class (of which the participants were informed) and the reports of the students type of motivation, as well as their perceived competence in the subject (p.446). The researchers measured the level of disengagement and perceived competence following receiving the individual grades. They identified three different kinds of motivation is from the self-determination theory intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation, or absence of motivation (p.444). If an unsatisfactory grade was receiv... ...eral self-esteem to school achievement. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 599-564. Ramsdal, G.H. (2008). Differential relations between two dimensions of self-esteem and the Big Five? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49, 333-338. Stephan, Y., Caudroit, J., Boich, J., Sarrazin, P. (2011). Predictors of situational disengagement in the academic setting The contribution of grades, perceived competence, and academic motivation. British Journal of Ed ucational Psychology, 81, 441-455. Stumpp, T., Muck, P.M., Hlscheger, U.R., Judge, T.A., & Mair, G.W. (2010). Core self-evaulations in GermanyValidation of a German measure of its relationship with career success. Applied Psychoology An International Review, 59, 674-700. Zhang, M., & Cross, S.E. (2011). Emotion is memories of success and failure A cultural perspective. Emotion, 11, 866-880.

William Wordsworth Essay -- Poet Poetry Wordsworth Papers

William Wordsworth William Wordsworth was natural April 7, 1770, at Cockermouth in Cumberland, England. His numbers, and especially his poems on solitude, must have been to a great extent influenced by the death of his m some other and the splitting up of his family when he was single eight (Kilvert 1). At that time, fate sent him to live in Hawkshead, England, where his teacher started him writing poetry. Wordsworth got his higher education at Cambridge, his memories of which play a department in his later poetry (Noyes 201). Fate again stepped in when, as a young man, he received an inheritance, which gave him the freedom to study literature. one might guess that this is when he first became part of the Romantic movement, (Pinion, 21). The poetry of William Wordsworth beautifully displays the characteristic themes of English romance. Wordsworths poems express basic feelings and soaring emotions, see the simplicity of rural life, portray the glories of nature, and give flight to the imagination, with bold symbols, brilliant imagery and high ideals. It is perhaps, the simple expression of feelings which most clearly underlies Romanticism (Pinion 22). Nowhere is raw, uncomplicated feeling better put in nomenclature than in Wordsworths poems. There developed what has been called his visionary imagination. His collections of poetry include lyric Ballads, The Prelude, and The Excursion. The beautiful poetry of Wordsworth is a good example of English Romanticism. four-spot characteristics of romantic poetry are putting unattackable feelings into words (Abrams,145) utilize the power of imagination (Pinion, 142ff) showing the joy of solitude (Abrams, 74) and giving a sense of the highlynatural or the strange (Bush, 44). I have elect to discuss a poem ... ...ur past happiness, rather than feeling sad. bright memories make being alone a joy. We have only to reason our eyes and think of the most beautiful sights we have ever seen. It is renowned that the golden daffodils are seen as gleeful and are jocund company. They act upon joy and happiness to the lonely poet, and it is the happiness that he remembers. With the gift of memory, his snapper may even dance with the flowers. Now, his solitude is not just bearable, just full of pleasure. Thus, Wordsworths poems show characteristics of romantic poetry, in general. Two of the themes almost generate together into one-- the joy of solitude and the power of imagination. The third theme of the super natural gives a strange quality to some of the poems. However, the fourth theme, the strong expression of feeling, is most important and, in a way, includes all of the other themes.

History Museum Visit Essay

Located on the coast of southern calcium is the metropolis of La Jolla. Now home to almost 40,000 people, this city sh bes its fork over got historical bill from the past one hundred and fifty years through a series of presentations located within three historical structures. These three structures include, The Westeria Cottage, Carriage House and the Current Headquarters. Each structure contri thates its contribution in putting together the La Jollas diachronic Society. Currently, the structures argon featuring, Home front La Jolla An American Community during humanity state of war 11. The series includes multiple manners dedicated to different parts in history, along with the different aspects going on during the war. Each mode feature musical compositiony photographs, artifacts and personal stories to exploit the hardship of these cartridge clips in our history. m either of these items were either donated or loaned by the Veterans Museum in Balboa Park and the Nipp onese American Historical Society of San Diego.While researching for museums, early in February I came across the main website for these historical sites. It caught my eye because I k virgin that this depict would cast a different kind of perspective than other grand museums. There are a ton of histories on World War II, but in that respect are very few on the home front experience. The La Jolla Historical Society presents a perspective from its society, and shares multiple personal unwritten stories from its own residents who lived through the war or their surviving relatives, which I put up fascinating. It is catered specific eithery to the effects of World War II on La Jollians. The vocal stories provided by this exhibit are non only to the highest degree what these residents remember about World War II, but alike an aspiration of what liveliness was alike(p) beyond that. I viewed this as a untold different approach, but was very excited to begin my experience becaus e I k invigorated it would be something new.On April 7th, 2012, I took the opportunity to travel down to La Jolla and visit the museum. The museum is open Thursday-Sunday, Noon to four PM and does not have a fee at all. I was also fortunate to be adequate to attend on a day where on that point was a given over lecture at five PM, giving me enough epoch to grab an early dinner before returning again. The lecture, Science & vitamin A Technology on the Home front, was covered by an oceanographer and U.S Army veterinarian Walter Munk. He discussed the scientific innovations sparked by the needs of the war effort precipitate a boom in the fields of marine sciences and aeronautics.Entering the museum, I was introduced into a grand room that was divided up by glaze cylinders, and it also offered entrances to many other rooms. Initially where you begin the journey, the right rampart played an introduction role. It began with the year of 1894, displaying numerous photographs creating an idea of how life was like in La Jolla at the quantify. Everyone knew everyone quoted by Maurice Bonny was stated at the top of the wall. Photographs include vacation sports such as the La Jolla Caves, as good as the role of the newly invented Trains and Trolleys played and daily life-style activities such as golfing and b from each oneside activities. Continuing along, stood in front of me a large wall with a devastating photograph of the explosives on declination 7th, 1941. Underneath was the original copy of the U.S Navy Communication Service from that given day, along with an article written the following day by john MaxConnel.This portion of the exhibit also feautured my first chosen artifact, a scrapbook. The oral history of a World War II veteran, Don Shutte, was through by a La Jolla High School student named Ana Ofresky, in particular for this exhibit. Don Schutte donated a scrapbook of artifacts of things throughout his experience. It contained images, personal sketc hes and official documents, including the telegram the surgical incision of War sent to his parents notifying them of his status as missing in satisfy and a POW identification card he was given by the German Army upon his capture and imprisonment during the Battle of Bulge, on celestial latitude 16, 1944. The final page of the scrapbook contains a letter he wrote to himself on Dec. 2, 1945, stating hello there, great to be a civilian, isnt it? I found this a significant artifact because it told a story of just now one man involved in the war in a very uncomparable way. The documents inner this scrapbook were all original and of items I had never reckonn before.On the other side of the room was a large wall which featured trusted lives that La Jolla was hosting at the time. These camps included CampCallan, Camp Mathews and a armed forces base in Bird Rock. Camp Calvin B. Mathews, also known as Marine Corps. Rifle Range was a military base from 1917 to 1964. It was apply as a marksmanship training facility for Marine recruits being happy at Marine Corps Recruit. It was issued a rifle base but not until 1923. The base was then constructed to what is now UCSD. Camp Callen was a get together States Army anti-aircraft artillery replacement training center that was operational during the time of war but was shut down right after World War II had ended. Lastly, there was another Naval Anti- Aircraft Training revolve about at Bird Rock, or Pacific Beach. This was a site where sailors would draw back a six-day course on anti-aircraft artillery. It was opened from 1942 to 1945 and trained about 300,000 sailors to aim down aircrafts.In a separate and very small room, was a Nipponese American side and point of view during the war. It was set up to look like what s room at the internment camps looked like. roughly Japanese were interned in 10 camps in remote areas of seven western sandwich states. No claim of humane intent could change the reality-these we re concentration camps. (pg. 736). The room only included a bed and a suitcase which included bedding, a book and one outfit. On the largest wall was a affair that displayed the location of all of the internment camps in the U.S and a copy of a poster of instructions for the Japanese living in these rooms. Local newspapers there expressed confidence in the loyalty of Japanese Americans, who in any case were crucial to Hawaiis economy(pg.736) The room also displayed many newspaper articles, including one from the Los Angeles Examiner on March 23, 1942 announcing relocation of Japanese Americans from Los Angeles to internment camps. It was good to see an example of what kind of media was out during the time. as well in the room was the story of Hiomi Nakamura, a La Jollian born Japanese American who was first transported to a permanent relocation internment camp site, and later drafted to play a role in the was at a laboratory. Also, in this room I found my second artifact, small ca rvings. In all of the internment camps, people began making what they needed with whatever materials they could find. microprocessor chip lumber became furniture, found metal became knives and for fun, scrap wood was carved into small, paint birds. These carvings were scrap wood paint metal which women also employ as jewelry.To the right of this room continues on to an even smaller room. This part of the exhibit was the blackout room, covered with thick black sheets much like those were used by residents at the time to keep light inside their houses. passel were so afraid the Japanese would attack that they had to turn out all of their lights at night. Blackouts were enacted to forbid oppositeness aircraft from reaching their targets by sight. They also helped prevent ships from being viewed in silhouette against the shore, and vulnerable to attack by enemy submarines. Traffic lights and car lights were covered in a way that would foreclose their beams to the ground. This is where another one of my artifacts was inspired, a black sheet. These sheets were a source of testimonial and I feel it exploits a sense of nationalism as well. The society as a whole worked together in order to realise sure all the light in their society was turned off. nationalism is brought up many times in our schoolbook starting with the branch of corporate businesses, to the acts of citizens during all three wars.Finally, came the last and second largest room. In this room I found my two remaining artifacts. This part of the exhibit displayed some(prenominal) men and womens role during the war. It included stories from women who were living at home, man their men were at war. It provided the perspective of what it was like to be a women or even young mother in La Jolla in the 1940s. on board of the roles played living on the home front, it also displayed the new roles women took inside the war itself. World War II brought an end to the military as an exclusive male encla ve that women entered only as nurses (pg.730). At first the politics discouraged women who wanted to perform some kind of military service. It concisely became clear that the war was going to demand more than the government had expected. Women began to do technical jobs normally performed by men. One of the artifacts that I chose from this room was a nurses robe from the Red Cross.This robe was not just your typical plain robe but was covered in patches of each army man they had helped. I was barely able to even see any white apart of the original robe. I chose this artifact because it genuinely portrayed the crucial role women also played in the war. Our textbook gives us a brief overview from the changes of roles women played during the time of war, but the payoff of patches on this robe opened my eyes to how much more of an great factor these nurses played taking on a great pith of soldiers. The number of men these women helped were astounding, definitely portraying how imp ort a womens role was. On the other side of the room was a render display of a US Army Air force undifferentiated from 1943-1945. It was considered to be the Eisenhower jacket, based on General Eisenhower. In the display were also a M1903 Springfield Rifle and a M1 Grand Rifle alongside what seemed to be a map. The other artifact that I chose from this room was a silk scarf. Now this long silk scarf had nothing to do with fashion, but turn up to be a crucial navigation tool during the war. Allied pilots were issued with these scarves that had detailed maps of enemy territory printed on them. The silk scarves also denoted railroads, canals, roads, frontier, churches and lighthouses. Air Power Shrinks the egg on page 743 of our textbook discusses the growth of airplanes over the period of time of war. The Wellington flew 255 miles an hour and cruised as high as 12,000 feet, with a draw of 2,200 miles, whereas the new B-29s could travel more than 350 miles an hour, at altitudes up to 30,000 feet, with a chain of mountains of up to 5,000 miles. (Pg. 743) At the time, this was a massive step in the growing of aircrafts and aircrafts at war, but if we compare this to the type of technology we have in our airplanes it cannot compare. Many of us cannot find our ways around our own city without using our mobile devices to navigate us. These pilots were using maps printed on scarves to help contribute them around It is incredible.I believe that the site gave an exceptional insight of how life was like prior, during and after World War 11. Each room explained its story well by the display of artifacts, photographs and touching oral stories it presented. The facility was well outlined timeline which exposed a sequence of events. The exhibit related utterly to the content of this class with all the information and artifacts it presented. Many of the things presented corresponded with what the book had to assure about World War II, along with a lot of new materi al as well. Overall, I was very pleased to have been able to take a day off and visit the La Jolla Historical Society. I was able to learn a great deal of new material which contributed to a better understanding of what times were like during the war, not only as a nation but to the residents of La Jolla.

Legal, Safety, Regulatory Essay

Human resources must give birth by legal regulations and safety laws, along with regulations requirements. This is set in determine for organizations to avoid litigation. The employee-related regulations have been established by the United States including Department of Labor, the U. S Equal Employment opportunity Commission, The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, and the Department of Homeland Security. The briny focus of these regulations is to rule out every manager from acting biased or irrationally. As a result, common esthesis and forbearance have been replaced by litigation. What managers and employees fear the most is being sued.Managers will make special efforts to prevent such situations from occurring. Some managers will neglect high stress levels of their employees and miss the proper attention to legitimately discontented and unhappy employees. This throws common moxie and compassion out the door. Compassion is the workplace angstromlifies the morale and e nthusiasm of the employees along with cooperation where people be actually open to help and not operate quickly into suing and organization. Experiencing compassion at work generates positive emotion and, in turn, shapes employees long-term attitudes and behaviors.Positive emotions generated by compassion have a cascading force play on employees attitudes and behaviors, thereby increasing capriole satisfaction and lowering ancestry stress, (University of Michigan Newsroom, 2003). The most recent of the major Equal Employment Opportunity laws is The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 also known as ADA. The law forbidding date discrimination against people with disabilities who be able to perform the essential functions of the clientele with or without reasonable accommodation (Gomez-Mejia, Balkin, & Cardy, 2010).This act also provides the interpretation of what a person with disability truly entails. Managers must be especially cargonful when it comes to this because these days employees will knit pick and strip heap a situation and call it discrimination when without a doubt they were belike not fulfilling the job description. HR managers need to plug the safety of their employees. To ensure such safety there are two strategic archetype regulations that is workmans compensation laws, each slightly differing upon which state the employee is in, and OSHA, the occupational Safety and Health Act established since 1970 on the federal level .Workmans comp is a legally required benefit that provides medical care, income continuation, and rehabilitation expenses for people who sustain job-related injuries or sickness. Also provides income to the survivors of an employee whose death is job related (Gomez-Mejia, Balkin, & Cardy, 2010). That being the case, there are audits held to prevent employees from filing fraudulent workmans comp claims. OSHA has set federal and states laws, employees are to abide by their states OSHA standards to ensure sa fety in the workplace (Dellpo, 2013).In violation to following such laws can result in employer fines. With compassion and common sense lacking in the workplace a accepted disgruntled employee could cost and employer tons of gold by carelessly change to fines. Then when presented with such allegations will then claim discrimination. When dealing with laws that military force HR, these are brought to the EEOC, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Employment decisions should not be based on characteristics such as race, sex, age, or disability (Gomez-Mejia, Balkin, & Cardy, 2010).The EEOC are the ones who investigate claims and situations involving harassment, discrimination, ect. And do take everything seriously. Employers these days definitely jest at the EEOC for simple situations that common sense can be easily utilize to, and under those circumstances wasting a lot of time and money for an organization. In the end, after exanimating the effect of legal safety and regulatory requirements on human resource process the main focus of these regulations is to prevent any manager from biasedly and without cause irrationally treating an employee badly.As a result, common sense and compassion have been replaced by litigation. It is unfortunate, but as managers that is why it is important to take actions that develop trust, such as sharing useful randomness and making good on commitments. Act consistently so that employees are not surprised by unexpected management actions or decisions. Be truthful and avoid white lies and actions designed to manipulate others by giving a certain (false) impression. Demonstrate integrity by keeping confidences and wake concern for others. Meet with employees to discuss and define what is expected of them.Ensure that employees are treated equitably, giving equivalent rewards for similar performance and avoiding actual or apparent special treatment of favorites. Adhere to clear standards that are seen as just and re asonable, for example, neither praising accomplishments nor imposing penalties disproportionately. Demonstrate respect toward employees, showing openly that they care about employees and recognize their strengths and contributions (Gomez-Mejia, Balkin, & Cardy, 2010). By practicing these observe points compassion and common sense can be restored in the workplace.

Lightning and Electrical Storms

It is precisely considered that lightning and electrical storms atomic number 18 naturally ocurring events in nature where by we tend to be oblivious ab forbidden it. Yet, its passion brings about changes which may affect us to our advantage or disadvantage.Oftentimes, children argon sc ared of the go of thunder brought about by the blinding minute of lightning. In ancient times, lightning is associated with the wrath of a higher power as is evident with the Supreme god of Olympus, Zeus and the god of Thunder,Thor. To our ancestors, this is a sign up that community will be punished for the bad deeds d peerless, organism superstitious at that. At present, lightning is associated with powerful mind-created characters often seen on televisions and whatever flicks.These beliefs though was not proven to exist in reality but these shows only the notion that lightning is indeed powerful. Now, one would ask what lightning is and why is at that place a need for lightning and electri cal storms to occur? It is not just at that place as part of natures wonder.What is Lightning?Lightning is an electrical dis lade mingled with two different fields of targets which is formed in electrical storms (Learn more than About par. 1). It is deemed that lightning has a heat three times greater than that of the insolates surface. Usually, it is evident when fall clouds are present. Credit on lightning baring is usually given to Benjamin Franklin with his kite and key experiment during a thunderstorm. This is because he pioneered the first experiment on showing electrical conductance of lightning as opposed to those ahead of him (Lightning par 2,3,4 &5)..However, hoew lightning came about has many explanations. in that respect are many existing theories on how thunder is formed and which of which is so far disputed.How lightning comes aboutLightning is dtermined to be caused by difference in arraigns but, how it is generated is what is s process uncertain till pre sent. Scientific studies are currently being conducted as to how it is generated. However, theories are proposed on how these charges are accumulated.One is the Polarization Mechanism Theory which states that falling droplets of ice and rain acquire charges before they hit the ground through electrostatic instauration and an new(prenominal) theory is the Electrostatic Induction Theory which, on the former(a) hand, states that opposite charges in clouds are separated by brawniness among them and collision of charges with ice crystals brings about increasing intensity in charges inner the cloud. This increased intensity will soon find release in the form of lightning (Lightning par. 11 & 12).The process later on electrical charges are acquired and in which it should be released is a rather complex one. Usually in a rain coming, a cumulonimbus cloud is what is known as the source of lightning (Lightning <Mountainnature.com> par. 2). This type of cloud possesees a strong ele ctrical charge and varies in horizontal difference of the cloud. At the base, the charge is strongly negatively charged while at the top, it is strongly unconditional. This charges are being separated by an electrical field which is an energy in nature to keep the charges from colliding. The energy in the electric field is directly proportional to the cahrge of the particles between it.As the charges come about to increase in both sides brought about by collision, so is the follow of energy in the electric field. This intense energy causes the repulsion of the charge in the earths surface by the negative charge of the cloud causing the earths surface to gain substantiating charge.What happens next is that the electric field inside the cloud provides a cart track for the conductance of charges between the negative charge at the bottom of the cloud and the positive charge of the earths surface. This path is the oxygenise out in which it is ionize by the strong electric field of the cloud. This process is known as air ionization. This causes about the formation of the flux line wherein the lightning will spark through. Upon completion of the necessary path, the continuous build up of energy in the cloud causes about the outburst of this energy which travels through the ionized air and the set flux line towards the positive charge. What travels here is what we know as lightning (Zavisa pt 1, 2, 3 &4).On the new(prenominal) hand, the thunder that we know of is the sound formed after a lightning. This is caused about by lightning as it heats and expands the air which produces the sound known as thunder. As we all know, light travels rapid than sound reason why we hear thunder late after a lightning (LightningThe opprobrious Statistics par. 6).Types of LightningThere are different types of lightning. The most common of which is the Cloud-to-cloud lightning and the other is the cloud-to-ground lightning.Cloud-to-ground lightning is the most dangerous l ightning. This is similarly the most destructive to properties. This occurs when lightning hits the ground or anything on earths surface. Being the most common, it is the most still type of lightning (About Lightning pt 4).Another is the cloud-to-cloud lightning which is also known as intra-cloud lightning. Intra-cloud lightning occurs when lightning transfers from cloud to some other cloud or within the same cloud. This type occurs lesser in frequency than cloud-to-ground (Lightning Detection from quadruplet page 3).There are many other types of lightning and are named based on optical illusion and appearances. These are nut lightning, heat lightning, bead lightning, sheath lightning, black lightning and many others (Lightning Detection from Space page 3).Effects and Damages of LightningLightning, which occurs along with electrical or thunder storms, are light flashes brought about by disturbances among the charges. It is known that lightning replenishes thenitrogen supply in soil in which it hits. But with its great strength, this poses great danger among individuals.From the brace of course 90 to 92, lightning killed four people and injured 127 individuals. It averages 80 kills per year in the United States alone (Lightning the Shocking Statistics par. 1).Moreover, lightning kills 55% more people than tornado and 40% more than hurricanes. It causes a loss of 15 20 million dollars each year to infrastructures. More so, the US Department of factory farm reported that lightning causes about 80 % of accidental deaths in livestocks (Dworkin par. 8).People are evidently exposed to the hazards of lightning. Damages to building, infrastructures, forest and wildfires, downed power lines and loss of life are just among its effects (Multihazard Risk spt. A).These also causes airplane disasters as it hits a flying craft. It was reported that in 1963, a plane strucked by lightning nestle Elkton, MD, killed 38 people. It is also noted that plane crashes in 1982 in Kenner, Los Angeles, and 1985 in Dallas, Texas was brought about by lightning. The past decade also took notice of 15,000 fires caused by lightning in the US alone causing wide property deterioration and loss of 2 million acres of forests (Multihazard Risk spt. A).ConclusionEvidently destructive by nature, lightning is inescapable. But, there are many precautions which one would be able to give in to prevent or minimize the losses brought about by lightning strikes. premier is to listen to weather forecasts so that one would not be in the open when an electrical storm came. Second is to manage an electrical manager in houses or if in a car, better stay in the car as it is a good conductor. Next is to stay out of an open field whereyou eould be the tallest object to be hit by lightning. Another is to stay calm and stay as low as possible when it is inevitable that electrical storm will come when your impertinent the safety of your own home. These are few among the possible p reventive measures ( protective cover par. 2).Presently, experiments on lightning deflectors to be placed on planes are being conducted. Spires are also being improved to be placed on skyscrapers. More so, the facet of harnessing lightnings power as source of electricity is on its way.Who knows, one day, we would be able to truly deflect lightnings disastrous strikes to our advantage.OUTLINE IntroductionWhat is lightningHow it comes aboutTypes of lightningEffects and damages of lightning (stats) particularly in st louis missouri us and midwestConclusionReferencesLearn More About Lightning and Thunder. 2007. 30 April 2007 <http//sky-fire.tv/index.cgi/lightning.htmlsexist>.Lightning. 2005. 30 April 2007 <http//www.mountainnature.com/Climate/Lightning.htm>.Zavisa, John. How Lightning Works. 2007. 30 April 2007 <http//science.howstuffworks.com/lightning1.htm>.Dworkin, Gerald. Emergency Procedures During Thunder and Lightning Storms. 23 February 1998. 30 April 2007. <http //www.lifesaving.com/issues/articles/20thunder_lightning.html>.About Lightning. 2007. 30 April 2007. <http//www.stormchasing.nl/lightning.html>.Multi-Hazard Risk Identification and Assessment. 2007. 30 April 2007. <http//www.fema.gov/txt/fhm/mhira_n1.txt>. Lightning The Shocking Statistics. 2007. 30 April 2007 <http//www.wildwildweather.com/lightning.htm>. Lightning Detection From Space. 2007. 01 May 2007 <http//thunder.nsstc.nasa.gov/primer/primer2.html>. Lightning. March 2007. 01 May 2007 <https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning>. Protection Against Lightning. 2007. 01 May 2007 <http//www.sos112.si/eng/page.php?src=np16.htm>.

Christine Adika

enjoin by Roman Polanski, The pianist is an outstanding, emotion-filled film which brings us back to memorial when the German Nazi invaded Poland. Basic all toldy, the film is all about the struggles experienced by a final solution survivor in Nazi-occupied Warsaw in Poland. The pianist is found on the heart story of a Holocaust survivor Wladyslaw Szpilman, played by Adrien Brody, who is also a talented Jew musician who belongs to the loose family in Poland. The Pianist is an interweaved story of survival and complexity. The film also have Emilia Fox, Michael Zebrowski, Frank Finley, and Maureen Lipman.The film started with Szpilman passionately playing his piano over a live radio recitaljust while the German Nazis has invaded them just when bombs be exploding and people are dying in the area. The Szpilman belongs to a family who lived a comfortable and well-off life not until September 1, 1939when the German Nazi started invading Poland.The Jews of Warsaw was brought in a gh etto, including the family of Szpilman. While his family was brought to a death camp, Szpilman escaped and survived the brutality. He hid in an aband whizd building. As he stayed there, a German officer who shares the same interest as his in music became his friend. The German officer became the single who gave him food regularly. He lived electron tube until the Soviets arrived.Some label that Adrien Brody did not act well in the painting. They submit that the actor did not display any kind of emotion that touched(p) them. But I think Brody is portrayed his role well.Although, given with a relatively few lines in the film, managed to capture the emotions ofthe viewers, I think. He merely depicted the role as I imagined it as read the book. It was no doubt he won the Oscar Best Actor award.The music of the movie, which appeared to be perfectly chosen, enhanced the setting and the mood of The Pianist. whizz example is the Chopin, which he played during his live recital over t he radio while bombs are exploding outside. Chopin re give uped his passion for music. Meanwhile, the Nocturne in C-sharp Minor setting emphasize that the film is an historical account and. Its tone set the stage for the striking tone of the movie. The Moving to the Ghetto song also enhanced the film.The Pianist was based on a book written by Szpilman right by and by he was rescued by the Soviets which was originally titled as devastation of a City. It served as a diary of a Holocaust survivor in his days in hell. The film director was successful in bringing in to the viewers of the film the exact setting in the book. The film, through its cinematography showed the viewers the pain that the Jews had to endure. The plot of the film showed scenes as traumatic as the book had traumatic story in all(prenominal) page.The book was perfectly represented in the film especially the slice that the Jews are treated as parasites of the humanity. Just how the book described the pitilessnes s of the German Nazi, the movie flashed scenes which are, I must say, equally brutal as told in the book. The main character was also portrayed as how Szpilman appeared to be in the book. Watching the film is actually reading the exact book. It was equivalent turning for each one page of the book as I witnessed each scene in the film.The film basically revolved around subjection that happened during the German Nazi invasion. I think tried to show the trouble and the sufferings that one has to endure for him/her toliberate him/her fully from the oppressors.The film featured no heroic acts or anything that are usual in the protagonists of a film. It in general told us a story of survivaleven when almost alone.One worth noting in the film is the occasional use of metaphors and symbols to creatively present the message or the content of the film. One example is when he looked intently to his piano. The musical instrument that he once used to entertain and coax other people is now an instrument could signal death.The Pianist is emphatically a must-see movie. The film is imbued with artistic substance while portraying one of the most brutal plights in history. The movie disdains Spielbergs Schindlers List which provided a larger picture of a Holocaust and opted to focus on one individual who had experienced to be in the same situation. This choice do the movie more effective, I guess. Because I was able to understand touch more the situation during that time.The Pianist provided a magnified view of the Holocaustand that made the movie more interesting. Focusing on one individual, I think, made the audience feel more the mood and content of the movie. more(prenominal) than a mere autobiography and an historical account, The Pianist is a royal work made by a cinematic mind. The two and a half hour viewing of the film might cause you to take into custody your breath due to the chaotic story with a brilliant portrayal.To say that the film is just an ordinary one and lacks twist and creativity is deal saying that you don not understand the movie at all. The movie has a string of profundity that must be dug in for the viewer to comprehend and absorb the essence of the film.The movie is not all about winning and losing, hiding and seeking. Simply put, it is all about life death.Survival, that is.ReferenceInternet Movie Data Base External Reviews for The Pianist 31 March 2007 <http//www.imdb.com/title/tt0253474/externalreviews>

Rather the officials should have spoken

In the establish the writer is attempting to protect the declines of waive linguistic process by means of persuasion rather than through threats and intimidations. In promoting his views, the precedent cites the example of an sequent that took place at Harvard.It is the causations contention that the university officials should not rescue enforced their rules on the offending students. Rather the officials should flummox spoken with the students in order to help them understand the effect that their action would have on the rest of the community. In developing his perspective, the author brings to commence the dilemma that the inaugural amendment presents in allowing such displays. However the author also suggests a dash out. He is asking the university officials not to enforce any kind of rules on such displays.It is his contention that such a course of action pass on still generate more interest in such behaviors and thusly a vicious cycle will result. In former(a) words, the author is suggesting that the university official should not create too much publicity in dealing with such an issue.The authors purpose in the essay is to explore the different ways in which arguments over exonerate speech can be resolved. The hap that he mentions has to do with some students pause a confederate flag in view.The foremost Amendment permits this. However it offends new(prenominal) members of the community. Therefore this is a difficult issue to resolve. On the one hand, university officials should not restrict the expression of free speech. On the other hand, they cannot allow freedom of speech to offend other members of the community.The author also mentions that some communities have enacted codes to resolve such situations while others have refused to impose such restrictions. The authors purpose in this essay is to find a ticker way. This is because enacting codes will only generate more interest in the athletic field so that people will resort to more extreme forms of free speech.Refusing to impose restrictions will also not solve the enigma because in this case the right hands of free speech will be abused. The purpose of the author in this essay is to suggest a different way in which the issues raised can be resolved.In promoting his views, the author is citing examples of an incident that occurred at Harvard. This incident forms the core of this essay. Resolving the issues raised in this situation forms the structure of the essay. In developing the structure, the author draws upon the First Amendment to resolve the issue.However he brings to light how the First Amendment fails to resolve the situation that arose at Harvard. Therefore he argues for a greater level of communication with the students in order to help them decide for themselves whether what they did was right or wrong. The author believes that this is the only way for the university officials to resolve the situation with the token(prenominal) of publi city.The author believes that the publicity that will result from enforcing restrictions will have the oppositeness effect. Therefore the university officials should try to resolve the issue internally by lecture to the students. In presenting his views, the author argued the validity of imposing restrictions when such restrictions will only create more interest in the problem.The author clearly sympathizes with the students right to do what they did. However he seeks to communicate the importance of talking to the students in order to help them understand why what they could be considered subversive. He brings to light the fact that the students are clearly in their rights to hang the flag as it is permitted by the First Amendment.However he also argues over the inappropriateness of this action. He advises against enforcing restrictions. He believes that this will only create more awareness of this problem so that other students will be interested to create sympathetic situation s.Clearly it is in the university officials interest to minimize the number of these incidents and to that end, the university officials should resolve such situations in camera by discussing the issues with the students.Therefore the author seeks to find a third way other than enforcing codes or doing nothing. In this respect, he stresses the importance of maintaining the balance between free speech and mutual respect. He says that this objective can be met through education and persuasion.

Mccarthy Paper

Ubiquitous Love In the novels, The thoroughfare and totally the hand well-nigh Horses, by Cormac McCarthy, McCarthy argues with symbolism and setting, that ever-present delight is a basic kind take up. In The lane, the male child symbolizes confidence, and is the source of timeless have it out-of-door. All the slightly Horses, the horses symbolize an unfallen spirit, and is the basis of a thickheaded go to bed. In The Road, the desolate and godless world proves to be unforgiving, even there is a beacon of light and love demonstrate by means of the boy. In All the Pretty Horses, the beautiful yet disappearing Wild West is a source of pain, but also love.McCarthy uses symbolism in both of his novels, to show an underlying importance, and to further upgrade his overall theme of needing something concrete to love. In The Road, McCarthy shows how a father and sons relationship is based forth of the fathers unconditional love for the boy. McCarthy writes Can I pick o ut you something? Yes. Of course you can. What would you do if I died? If you died I would want to die too. So you could be with me? Yes. So I could be with you. Okay (McCarthy 11). This credit dives deep into how the man feels about the boy.Through this quote, the man fully expresses that he would non want to live if he had to live without the boy. The boy proves here to be the mans only hope and the source of what keeps him going. The boy symbolizes faith in a godless and desolate world. In All the Pretty Horses, horses try for deep importance and meaning for John Grady pelf as he adventures away from home. McCarthy writes, What he love in horses was what he loved in men, the blood and the heat of the blood that ran them (McCarthy 7).In this quote, John Grady scratch simply, but quite deeply displays his undeniable love for horses. John Grady Cole goes as far as to say that he loves horses equally as much as he loves mankind, and that both horse and man accommodate similar q ualities. McCarthy gives great symbolism to the horse, as it is being compared to mankind. Horses symbolize an buckram spirit that John Grady Cole so dearly idolizes as he experiences pain and anguish while his beloved Wild West slips through his fingers.The horses are the only thing that John Grady Cole can hold onto from the Wild West. He will hold on strong, no return what happens to him, and will love horses as he loves mankind. In both The Road and All the Pretty Horses, McCarthy symbolizes holding onto something and never wanting to let go in both the boy and the horses. The boy and the horses prove to be something that is ever-present that the main characters in the novels can love unconditionally. McCarthy uses setting to further enhance plot and the theme that ever-present love is a basic humane need.In The Road, McCarthy creates a desolate and destroyed world that the man and the boy find themselves trapped in. McCarthy writes, When he woke in the woods in the aristocr atic and the cold of the night hed r to each one out to couple the child sleeping beside him. Nights dark beyond darkness and the days more gray each one than what had gone before. Like the onset of some cold glaucoma dimming away the world. His hand rose and fell softly with each precious breath (McCarthy 1). In this quote, McCarthy sets the stage for what the world looks like.He describes it as extremely dark, and uses the simile of glaucoma to physically describe the worldly concernly concern and Boys experiences. The sight of this new, harmed world basically deteriorates your sight, as the world is no pertinacious worth looking at. McCarthy also uses strong and consistent word choice with dark, darkness, gray, cold and dimming. These words give rise to the depressing setting that the Man and the Boy are in. Also in this quote, describes the mans love and protectiveness for the boy.McCarthy uses juxtaposition here to show that despite the dark, dreary and ever disapprove w orld they are in, there is a strong and deep love that can overcome any type of desperation. In All the Pretty Horses, McCarthy paints a beautiful country whose culture is slowly diminishing. McCarthy writes, They rode out on the fence line and across the open pasture-landThe light fell away behind them. They rode out on the high prairie where they slowed the horses to a walk and the stars swarmed around them out of the blackness.They heard somewhere in that tenantless night a gong that tolled and ceased where no bell was and they rode out on the round dais of the earth which alone was dark and no light to it and which carried their figures and bore them up into the swarming stars so that they rode not under but among them (McCarthy 30). In this quote, McCarthy sets up John Gradys world with incredible imagery, describing the open fields, prairies and the abundance of stars that consume them. John Gradys world is picturesque and seems quite perfect as the feeling of this quote is quite calming.But, in the face of this beauty, John Grady is still faced with the ever-present disappearance of the Wild West culture. Although McCarthy finds sadness in the beauty, John Grady is yet again placed with his horses. McCarthy describes the men and their horses as they showing an unbreakable bond. In both The Road and All the Pretty Horses, McCarthy uses contrasting settings to ultimately fall in them by showing that ever-present love can be found no matter where you are. In the novels, The Road and All the Pretty Horses, McCarthy shows through symbolism and setting that ever-present love is a basic human need.He cleverly displays this by providing similar and contrasting elements. Humans need to know that they have something constant and concrete to love in put up to survive. People tend to struggle when faced with challenges alone. The presence of something to love whether it is a son, or a horse, is essential. This love is what drives the human race to overcome obs tacles and barriers passim life. McCarthy, Cormac. All the Pretty Horses. New York Knopf, 1992. Print. McCarthy, Cormac. The Road. New York Alfred A. Knopf, 2006. Print.

Individual Learning Essay

Work-study initiative (WSE), founded in 1994 in Matteson, Illinois offers electric shavercargon and early shaverhood education. WSE believes in developing the whole child and strives to show Gods love to all entering its doors. WSE registration is open to kids age 2 through 15 and offers a safe and positive environment for all. In addition, the organization offers ahead and after school curriculums, to include summer c deoxyadenosine monophosphates. A for-profit organization, WSE searchs to keep registration high in order to make child c be cost afford adequate to(p) for all in the Chicago land bea (Mitchell & ampere Mitchell, Work-study enterprisingness, April 4, 2013).SWOT AnalysisBalanced ScorecardAccording to Blocher (2010), the balanced menu (BSC) is an accounting report that includes the firms full of life victory factors in four areas (1) fiscal performance, (2) guest blessedness, (3) internal mathematical operationes, and (4) larn and growth (p.11). The a vocation is a balanced scorecard for Work-study Enterprise Inc. Critical Success component partObjectiveMeasureTargetInitiativeFinancial performance maturation Income yrly growth of income from specific courses+5% by ending of pecuniary year 20141Offer more specific topics of tutoring (algebra, statistics, etc.)Reduce knock expensesAnnual Expenses-10% by end of fiscal year 20142Explore tax benefits, hold in sympathetic contributions, and apply for government subsidies Customer satisfactionRetain veritable EnrolleesEnrollee turnover-10% by end of fiscal year 20143Improve communicating between staff and parentsEnroll New ClienteleClientele enrollment count25 excess contracts by end of fiscal year 20144Improve marketing campaigns and courses offered to attract saucy clients inborn Process affix grade point averageNumber of grading periods to raise letter grade in a particular subject < 6 weeksImplement set insurance policy and procedure for increasing letter grade/GPA Lear ning and harvest-timeImprove Tutorial Service through formulation classesNumber of tutors deficient new tutorial trainingIncrease by 50% by end of 2014Implement a tutorial training program, providing training opportunities from each one month Discussion of Critical Success Factors (CFSs)CFSs are defined as the limited number of areas in which results, if they are satisfactory, lead ensure belligerent performance for the organization (Ram & Corkindale, 2014, p.152). Work-study Enterprise (WSE) will be able to deliver bore tutorial religious assists for affordable prices, when the costs and quality of its serve are addressed. The implementation of deprecative supremacy factors will suffer WSE to cognitive process each advantage factor into a particular category. Work-study Enterprise, Inc., muckle accomplish this by focusing on financial and tutorial goals that are in sync with one another. Work-study Enterprise can achieve this by changing the way in which the fellowship hires tutors. FinancialThe first CSF is financial performance. Financial performance is important because it measures the profitability and market value which are good indicators of how well the firm satisfies its owners and shareholders (Blocher, 2010, p.11). If a company can augment profits while decreasing its overhead, it will be in a better position to maintain positive profits. Profitability is gained strictly on how well WSE choose each critical success factor. The bottom string is to satisfy the owners. This critical success factor is not mutually exclusive, and depends on the other CFSs to keep Work-study Enterprise Inc doors open for business.Customer SatisfactionThe twinkling CSF is customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is important because fit customers tend to be loyal and repeat buyers. Measures of quality, service, and low cost, are three good indicators of how well a company satisfies its customer (Blocher, 2010, p.11). The objective here is f or WSE to stop true enrollees and enroll new clientele. Current enrollees are the ones that continue to pay the bills (operating expenses), and enrolling new clientele helps increase profits thus assisting the financial CSF. Work-study Enterprise is tone to add online cultivation because it will increase the efficiency and forcefulness of it program (Cheawjindakarn, Suwannatthachote, & Theeraroungchaisri, 2012, p.61). This can be accomplished by hiring online tutors. A eccentric study found that in order for online-course resources to be used effectively, the CFSs that neediness to be considered are gentle factors pertaining to the instructors the instructors and students technical expertness the instructors and students mindset ( near learning) the aim of collaboration inhering in the course and the level of perceived IT radical and technical comport (Soong, Chan, Chua, & Loh, 2000, p.102).These same CFSs align with WSE success factors. The human factors pertaini ng to the instructors can be found under financial CSF. The instructors and students technical competency is important in the learning and growth CSF. The instructors and students mindset about learning can be found in the internal process of change the letter grade or increasing a students GPA in less than 6 weeks. The level of collaboration intrinsic in the course and the level of perceived IT infrastructure and technical support can be found in customer satisfaction critical success factor. Internal ProcessThe third CSF is internal process. WSE internal process is important because it measures efficiency and effectiveness of its services (Blocher, 2010, p.11). Greater efficiency and effectiveness can result in satisfied clients and more business. Raising GPAs and/or letter grades in tutorial services are very important. If a student is failing in a subject or is having a hard time comprehending the way his or teacher instructs, parents generally seek tutorial services. If WS E are able to help students by raising their GPA or letter grade, clients will want to continue with their services. This is wherefore the select to raise a letter grade in less than 6 weeks is a critical success factor. Learning and GrowthThe fourth CSF is learning and growth. Learning and growth is important because it can help develop and enforce human resources and strategical goals (Blocher, 2010, p.11). By increasing the learning of the tutors, not barely do the tutors capture better and more efficient in their services, the parents/students become more satisfied. The addition of a tutorial training program will help with the growth of the tutors and the enterprise (Cherryl Mitchell, Work-study Enterprise, April 4, 2014). Tutoring has become an increasingly effective animal for academic support in the last 25 to 30 old age (Holli twenty-four hour period, 2012, p.21). This is why many universities and colleges offer tutorial services, however, outcomes may vary dependin g on the tutor to student interaction.Evaluation of Work-study Enterprise Inc.FinancialReducing the overhead expenses in order to increase higher revenues is the objective for any rule organization, if not all. This is because every company would like to maximize its profits in the most efficient way while still providing an effective service to its clientele. Work-studys goal is to increase its profits by 5 percent, and by offering more specific topics of tutoring such as algebra, statistics, chemistry, etc, the tutorial service is on track. Offering a wider range of courses to tutor will fool new customers and offer more services to existing clients thus bring in more profits for the company. By exploring tax benefits, giving philanthropic contributions, and applying for government subsidies, the company can help reduce overhead. In addition, if the company increases its efficiency in the internal process CSF, a decrease of 10 percent of its overhead can be obtained by year end 2014. The financial CSF appears to be on target at Work-study Enterprise, Inc. It may be impossible to eliminate all overhead however, taking advantage of the said(prenominal) can minimize some overhead expenses.Customer Satisfaction star objective under the customer satisfaction CFS is to retain current enrollees. A growing body of empirical proceeding supports the fundamental logic that customer satisfaction should positively influence customer retention (Anderson, Fornell, & Mazvancheryl, 2004, p.173). Work-study Enterprise realizes that their customers are the key to their success thus stressing the importance of great intercourse. Furthermore, satisfied customers are able to make positive recommendations to others. Since its inception in 1995, intercourse between staff and parents is of the utmost importance to Work-study Enterprise. Through great communication WSE have been able to reiterate special incentives to existing customers, view feedback about the service s rather good or bad, and settle disputes in a prompt manner. Implementing good lines of communication between its staff and parents has allowed WSE to keep clients for as long as the program will permit the childs age. In 2010, Work-study Enterprises signed a contract with District 162, which allowed WSE to offer its services to all the schools in its district. By securing a contract with District 162, WSE is on track for meeting the objective of adding 25 more contracts. Furthermore, as a result of signing with the district, WSE marketing campaign has opened opportunities for securing more districts.Internal ProcessWork-study Enterprises Inc. seeks to increase the letter grade or GPA of a student less than 6 weeks. This time starts on the first day a student meets with a tutor and ends 6 weeks after. Though students receive report cards 4 times a year or every 9 weeks, WSE likes to guarantee 6 weeks to increase a childs letter grade. If the grade is not increased, the tutors w ill have an additional 3 weeks to spend more time with the student (s). The implementation of strict policies and procedures for increasing letter grades/GPAs has allowed WSE clients to pass their courses, as well as retain satisfied customers. Learning and GrowthIn the past, clients of Work-study Enterprise have perpetrate on the disparity in training of its tutors. The majority of the tutors at WSE are high-school and current college students. However, the disparity in training will be ascertain by offering a tutorial training each month. The critical success factor seeks to increase to their goal of 50 percent by the end of 2014. The addition of this tutorial program each month has allowed tutors to earmark a greater learning opportunity for the students. In addition, WSE is in the process of hiring a new trainer to focus specifically on training tutors. Overall Work-study Enterprise Inc. is on track of achieving each of its critical success factors by the end of 2014. As prev iously mentioned, critical success factors are interdependent. In other words, all critical success factors must work in tandem in order for Work-study Enterprise Inc. to achieve its strategic goals. The bible tells us Faith without works is dead (James 226 KJV). Just because one prays does not mean that his business will be successful. Business owners must develop a strategy and work that strategy. Work-study Enterprise Inc have been working their strategy for nearly a decade and this is why their company is still going strong.ReferenceAnderson, E.W., Fornell, C. & Mazvancheryl, S.K. (2004). Customer satisfaction and shareholder value. Journal of Marketing, 68(4). p. 172-185 Retrieved from http//www.jstor.org/stable/30162024 Blocher, E. J., Stout, D. E., Juras, P.E., & Cokins, G. (2010). Cost Management A Strategic Emphasis (6th ed.). Boston, MA McGraw-Hill Irwin Publishing. Cheawjindakarn, B., Suwannatthachote, P., & Theeraroungchaisri, A. (2012). Critical success factors for online quad learning in higher education Areview of the literature. productive Education, 3, p.61-66. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/1353565510?accountid=12085 Holliday, T. (2012). Evaluating the effectiveness of tutoring an easier way. The Learning Assistance Review17(2). p. 21-32. Retrieved from http//go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA308883380&v=2.1&u=vic_liberty&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w&asid=a5e72816293a40e9cba7076990429c51Ram, J., & Corkindale, D. (2014). How critical are the critical success factors (CFSs)? Examining the role of CFSs for ERP. Business Process Management Journal, 20(1). p.151-174. Retrieved from 10.1108/BPMJ-11-2012-0127 Soong, M.H., Chan, H.C., Chua, B.C., & Loh, K.F. (2001). Critical success factors for on-line course resources. Computer & Education, 36, p.101-120. Retrieved from http//www.nc12z.com/uploadfile/cms/books/269/ts269019.pdf

Fiction and Monkey House Essay

The Irony of the Kurt Vonneguts Works that Can be Seen in the Welcome in the Monkey kinfolk and Who I am this Time. Kurt Vonnegut is cardinal the best writers in the world. He is one of the post modernisms writers. He is best known as the author of Slaughter-Five. Kurt Vonnegut wrote of satirical novels whose of import theme is livenesss cosmic joke on worldity. Vonnegut as well as a science fiction author and he is known as a dystopian writers.Some of his famous deeds is the exhibition of Welcome to the Monkey House and Who am I this Time. both(prenominal) of the stories tell about lifes cosmic joke on humanity. Now, I will describe about the badinage of the Kurt Vonneguts works that arsehole be seen in the Welcome in the Monkey House and Who I am this Time. Welcome to the monkey house is the collection of the myopic works by Kurt Vonnegut. And Who am I this Time is one of the collections among the succinct story in the welcome of the monkey house.Who am I this clip is told about some one who can bit many timbers in the drama. The narrator is good actor and he is a director in like manner he can play many eccentrics that expected to him and he is a director too, and molest Nash is the biggest actor that the club has. Firstly, he got a citation as a salesman of storm windows and doors, and he said that the highest rank that he ever held on stage was either butler or policeman. after that, the narrator meets with a pretty girl that is Helene Shaw and asks her to play the Stellas character.Harry Nash is good actor too, even somebody said that harry ought to go a psychiatrist so he could be some social occasion important and colorful in real life. He like disconnected anything, and one cadence he said that who am I this magazine? . When the play of this story, Helena Shaw cannot plays Stellas the character as well as expected to her. And the director searched a new one to play Stellas character. But in the end, she can find the character and can play it well. The narrator said that the give way of Stella is yours. And Harry and Helena play the character together.Finally, they married and said one thing to the narrator Who are we this eon? . In the Who am I this time, the author made us approximate to differentiate the real life and the acting. The author can separate the devil worlds but it is like allied. It is the irony that, the character of this story, that is Harry Nash and Helena Shaw can play the character in the play, but they can play their character in the real life. It can be seen when Harry Nash plays the character of Abraham Lincoln, he can make his spouse fall in love with him, as a Harry Nash and as Abraham Lincoln.And in the end of the story, there is another(prenominal) irony that is when Harry Nash and Helena Shaw get married. They said that who are we this time, it means that they will play many character in their life until they die. There is another story of Kurt Vonnegut that contain of Irony element in the work that is Welcome to the monkey House. Welcome to the monkey house is containing of irony element too. In this story, sex which is the natural behavior of human is prohibit by the establishment.Welcome to the monkey house told about the condition in the future which is the world has over population. This is the time when the population of the earth is 17 billion human beings. That is too many mammals that big for a satellite that small. The people were virtually packed together like drupelets . And nightstick the Poet who is a person who refused the ethical birth- cover pill, so, he will got the penalty for that that is $10. 000 and ten long time in jail. The world government makes a two-pronged to attack on overpopulation. one and only(a) pronging is the encouragement of ethical suicide, which consist of going to the nearest suicide sitting room and asking a hostess to kill us painlessly piece of music we lay on Barcalounger. The other pronging was compulso ry ethical birth control. Billy the Poet does not like to do it, because he think that, sex is the natural desire of human, and it cannot forbidden by government. One daytime Pete Crocker, the sheriff of Barnstable County, comes to the Ethical suicide Parlor in Hyannis and announces to the two hostesses working there that Billy the Poet, a nothing head, was about to come to Cape Cod.Billy the Poet is known to be eager to deflowering hostesses, who are all virgins, and to send them smutty poems before he violates them, and one of the hostesses is Nancy McLuhan who is works in Barcalounger. After that, Billy the Port comes to Nancy to do a dirty thing. Nancy is repulsed by the whole action and insults Billy the poet. In the end, Billy the poet leaves her alone handing her a bottle of ancient birth control pills which prevent pregnancy but allow sexual intercourse. The label on the bottle says Welcome to the Monkey House.So, the irony in this story is when government forbids their pe ople to having sex, and gives them pills that made them like dying. Whereas, sex is the natural desire of human that cannot forbids by the government. It is according with Billy the Port statement to Nancy McLuhan that is one day he will make her understand that sexuality is a part of human nature and must not be suppressed by the Government. In the conclusion, I see that Kurt Vonnegut is the postmodernist writers that give the irony in his works that can be seen in the both of this story.

Achilles and Odyssey Compare and Contrast Essay

Larger-Than-Life Heroes Achilles and Odysseus What atomic number 18 the main characteristics of a larger-than-life epos hero? An epic hero is a brave and brawny warrior who is incite to shake both internal and outer conflicts to achieve glory and ranks higher up a normal man. In home runs epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey, Achilles and Odysseus are the sanitary-known heroes. Achilles fights Hektor outside the walls of Troy because Hektor killed his best friend, Patroclus. After fighting in the trojan War, Odysseus takes on a journey to ingathering prickle to Ithaca to check his wife, Penelope, and his son, Telemachus.Through his use of t wizard, figurative language, mood, and resource, Homers epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey show how Achilles and Odysseus, scorn their struggles with themselves and the foundation, are true heroes because of their motivation for glory and revenge. Achilles and Odysseus are struggling to be viewed as tenacious warriors because of an empty place in their hearts. For instance, Agamemnon takes Achilles revalue, Briseis, and exclaims See how the lord of the great plains, Agamemnon, humiliated me He has my prize, by his own whim, for himself (Iliad. . 168-169). Achilles feels humiliated because Agamemnon took his prize, Briseis, out from him in order to try Chryseis. He hushed does not wish to go to war after Agamemnon results her. Achilles heart is aching and the thought of neer seeing his prize a gather in worries him. Homer uses mood to make the subscriber feel pity for Achilles. Even though Achilles treats Briseis as a prize, it is discourage that he does not watch her in his arms. Achilles and Briseis fell in respect with each otherwise and were separated such(prenominal) as in a more modern movie called The tramp Princess.Homer makes it seem like Agamemnon is the villain while Achilles is the hero. Achilles internal conflict shows how he essential cope with not having Briseis in his arms b ecause he did not want to fight in the war. Even so, Odysseus longs to return to his rest cornerstoneland, Ithaca, and his engaging life is flowing away with the divide he wept for his foiled journey home (Odyssey. 5. 168-169). Odysseus is depressed because he wants to return to his home in Ithaca and see his wife, Penelope, and son, Telemachus, after fighting in the Trojan War.He feels as if his life is transitioning from sweet to bitter. Homer uses imagery to show how Odysseus is clamorous for his homeland, Ithaca. It creates a depressing mood for the lecturer because all Odysseus wants is to see his family and return home after a tiresome war, but has failed. The metaphor of Achilles sweet life flowing away demonstrates how his lamentations are characterizing him as homesick and how he might not make it through his journey. Achilles struggles with not having a prize while Agamemnon struggles with not sleeping in his own bed for an immense time.The difference between the in ternal conflicts is that Achilles cannot fight in war because Briseis is not with him while Odysseus cannot return home and reunite with his family after fighting in the war. Although they both fork out concerns for their loved ones, Achilles and Odysseus must set them aside and fight their enemies first. Achilles and Odysseus are both epic heroes because they face their outer conflicts or struggles with the world and fight as strong warriors. First, Achilles stabbed Hektor in the neck and then had in mind for Hektors body outrage and shame.Behind both feet he perforated the tendons, heel to ankle. Rawhide cords he drew through both and lashed them to his transport, allow the mans head trail (Iliad. 22. 467-471). Achilles fights and kills Hektor outside the walls of Troy because he killed Achilles best friend, Patroclus. After stabbing Hektor in the throat, he ties Hektors ankles to his chariot and rides off, dragging him. Hektor uses imagery to show how Achilles ties Hektor to his chariot, and injures him while riding off. Homer also uses tone to explain Achilles anger toward Hektor for killing Patroclus.Even so, after slaughtering all of the suitors in his home Odysseus scanned his house to see if every man still skulked alive, still hoped to avoid black death (Odyssey. 22. 406-407). Odysseus finally returns to his home in Ithaca disguise as a beggar by genus Athene. He is only one out of all the suitors to string Odysseus bow, because he is Odysseus and stronger than any man alive. Athena then reveals Odysseus and he and his son, Telemachus, kill all of the suitors in his home. Homer uses imagery to show Odysseus looking or so his house to find any more suitors that were still alive.He wanted to no suitor was still alive so he could be in peace with his wife, Penelope. His external conflict is not macrocosm able to return home in peace. He must kill all of the suitors, for they wanted to marry Penelope and become queen mole rat of Ithaca. Odysseus needed to show that he had returned as King of Ithaca and was more powerful than all of the suitors combined. Achilles external conflict is fighting Hektor and Odysseus external conflict is oppression the suitors. Achilles and Odysseus deal with their external conflicts by conquering their enemies.Achilles and Odysseus are both motivated to face and conquer their struggles with the world for glory and revenge. In fact, Achilles chased Hektor around the walls of Troy three times and ran full speed, and not for bulls hide or a ritual beast or any prize that men compete for no but for the life of Hektor, tame of horses (Iliad. 22. 189-192). Achilles chases Hektor around the walls of Troy three times because he wants to kill him as a prize. Achilles wants to receive the glory of a stronger warrior and seek revenge on Hektor for killing his best friend, Patroclus.Homer uses imagery to show Achilles determination to have Hektors dead body for revenge. The reader can picture swift-foot ed Achilles on the heels of Hektor, tame of horses. Achilles almost reaches Hektor, while Hektor almost outruns Achilles. In the end, Achilles conquers Hektor and gains glory for being the stronger warrior and proving himself to being larger-than-life. And then, Odysseus is determined to be reunited with his wife, Penelope, and says Nevertheless I long-I pine, all my days-to travel home and see the dawn of my return. And if a god wreck me yet again on the wine-dark sea, I can conceptualise that too (Odyssey. . 241-244). Odysseus does not reach out up returning to Ithaca because he wants to see his family. He will bear anything that comes on his way to his journey home. Homer uses mood to make the reader feel hope for Odysseus on returning home safely and how he is ready to fight obstacles that the gods put upon him along his journey. He is motivated to return home because he wants to conquer the suitors, which will earn him glory and seek him to be larger-than-life. He also want s to seek revenge on the suitors that have caused Penelope harm while he was away.It proves that Odysseus saved his wife with the economic aid of his son and how he ranks higher than the suitors. Achilles fights Hektor for his body and glory from the Greeks. Odysseus wants to return home so he can be glorified after desire revenge on the suitors by murdering them. Achilles and Odysseus both seek revenge on their enemies for what they have done to their loved ones. Achilles and Odysseus are well-known heroes in Homers epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey. Through both poems, the heroes experience internal and external conflicts such as battles with other warriors and missing loved nes. Glory plays a huge role in these characters and they want to be well-known for their actions such as how Achilles conquered Hektor or how Odysseus conquered the suitors. Achilles and Odysseus have the main characteristics of an epic hero, but gain them in different ways. In their internal conflicts, Achilles misses Briseis while Odysseus misses his home, Ithaca, as well as his wife Penelope, and son, Telemachus. In The Iliad, Achilles and Briseis are separated from each other just as how Princess Odette and Prince Derek and separated from each other in the 1994 movie, The Swan Princess.The internal conflict of Achilles can be related to movies such as The Swan Princess straightaway. In their external conflicts, Achilles fights Hektor, tamer of horses, while Odysseus fights the commanding suitors in Ithaca. Achilles conquers Hektor for his life and to gain glory by becoming the greater warrior. Odysseus along with his son, Telemachus, conquers the suitors and gain glory. Achilles and Odysseus seek revenge on their enemies. Achilles kills Hektor because he killed his best friend, Patroclus. He lost his best friend forever and needed to get Hektor back by taking his life.Odysseus seeks revenge on the suitors for harming his wife and taking advantage of her hospitality, such as m aking a mess during feasts. People today also seek revenge on people that have caused them harm. Achilles and Odysseus have shaped what an epic hero is and show that even though they lived deuce different lives, they both showed the characteristics of an epic hero and how they must be a brave and powerful warrior who is motivated to fight both internal and external conflicts to achieve glory. Overall, although Achilles and Odysseus are two different characters, their similar characteristics define what an epic hero is.

Describe The World Economies In The Past 30 Years

Q1 Describe the shifts in the world delivery over the operate 30 years. What are the implications of these shifts for supranational businesses based in Britain, br new(prenominal)hood America, and Hong Kong? Over the last 30 years the integration of globose commercializes along with the accessibility of international products and services has grown exp iodinntially. The overall affect of this globalization has yet to be realized, but in the short term for the middle and lower year echelon of thee fore mentioned economies, globalization has been devastating.In the first few pages of Chapter 1 International logical argument (Competing in the orbiculate Marketplace) an example is given referencing the necessity for international health care due to the rising cost and inaccessibility to quality healthcare in the United States. The most interesting part of this example to me was the following control. rough insurance companies are starting to experiment with payment for strang e intercession at internationally accredited hospitals.(Hill, 2011) Initially I found this statement comforting in the fact that insurance companies were thinking bulgeside of a smalleconomic healthcare model in order to better respond the pile that they insure. On a larger scale this statement is put off. It is disconcerting in the fact that everything associated in our healthcare system from equipment supply to the study and utilization of our medical professionals is either being mismanaged or financial gouged by government and the private market. As a result of the gauging, like some(prenominal) other business cheaper goods and services are being sought out elsewhere.It is astounding that it is cheaper to fly to a nonher country and eat up a major surgical procedure performed at a quarter of the cost accordingly it would be if performed in the United States. globalisation refers to the shift toward a to a greater extent integrated and inter underage world economy. (Hill, 2011) My concern is what does an interdependent world economy mean for the micro economies of each participating nation. Larger corporations clearly have an advantage and need for globalization from a profitable standpoint, but it is non justcorporations who have something to loose or gain from globalization. The Globalization of markets from a batch perspective is great thing for consumers. The globalization of exertion is a insalubrious thing for most major industrialized nations. By globalizing markets and trade people are allowed to experience and purchase a multitude of goods and services that would other be unknown on an international scale. Globalization also allows companies to romance into foreign markets a lot easier. At the same time, globalization of output signal hurts each countries job market in some form.For example outsourcing-manufacturing production from the United States to countries that have a cheap labor force and fewer restrictions hurts the Ame ri after part workforce. In contrast countries that allow an influx of manufacturing from foreign countries die dependent upon those companies much like a drug user becomes dependent on a drug. When those companies leave for whatever reason the aftermath can be disastrous. A good example of this is the Malaysian market. Manufacturing industry is an strategic engine of economic growth for the Malaysian economy. In 1987, it contributed 19. 8% of the realise domestic product (GDP).That contribution increased to 24. 6% in 1990 and 44. 8% per cent in 2001. (Tsen, 2005) Since foreign product manufacturing became such a large part of Malaysias GDP they are subjugated to the changes in the micro economies in which the manufacturing corporations are dependent upon for sales. Most of the companies that the Malaysian manufacturing job market were subject to the micro economy of the United States of America. In 2008 a global financial crisis began to take shape and as a result the American consumer market infrastructure began too fail. As a result of these helplessness the Malaysian manufacturing market started to dissipate.This dissipation is reflected in the importation and exportation of goods from Malaysia. The ADBI plant stated in a working paper by Shankaran Nambiar Malaysia and the Global Crisis Impact, Response, and Rebalancing Strategies. Two economic indicators that show the impact of the current crisis are exports and the industrial production index. Export figures, which were doing well in the first three lodge of 2008, took a downturn towards the end of that year (Figure 3). In January 2008, exports increased by 10. 4% (year-on-year), and moreor-less doubled to 20. 9% in April 2008.However, in October 2008, a negative figure was reported (-2. 6%), only to decline more deeply as the months progressed. In December 2008 a decline was registered (-14. 9%), which worsened in January 2009 (-27. 8%). Imports, which tend to follow export trends kinda closely in Malaysia, reported a similar pattern. Imports increased by about 11% (year-on-year) in February 2008 and exceeded 10% in the months of June and July 2008 (12. 5% and 15. 0%, respectively).Again, the change in imports fell into negative territory from October 2008, falling from -5. 3% in that month to -23.1% in December 2008 and dropping to -32. 0% in January 2009. (Nambiar, 2009) This huge drop in GDP production was a postulate result of the Malaysian economy being a slave to the foreign marketplace, particularly the United States. The financial crisis of 2007 and 2008 directly rivaled the Great Depression of the 1930s, take down more so because it became a Global Financial Crises. It was just not the United States. It was Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Greece, and Japan. All of these countries are tied together economically and hence are subject to the validity of the consumer marketplace micro and macro economically.Britain, North America, and Hong Kong are tied together e conomically because of Globalization each other economy are become more dependent on one another. If one economy begins to falter for whatever reason, the effects are matt-up globally. Globalization brings along a new level of responsibility and morality, a level that must transcend ethnic, religious, and cultural barriers and focus solely on the stability of their micro economies, with an emphasis on macro economical growth. Globalization is a balancing act that governments and corporations must manage responsibly or financial disaster will most likely ensue.

Critical Minerals And Uses Of Precious Metals Environmental Sciences Essay

Today I will supply well-nigh background in human bodyation on which coats be the nigh(a) to built-in to our posit these surfaces be widely employ in mundane life, in virtu each(prenominal)y manner or anformer(a), by close to Ameri practised deals. I will to a fault deal the beginning and formation of our cherish metals, all(prenominal) check hot as where in the say and the universe they be usually open up and mine. As with all natural resources, the opportunity of close today examinationning appear of these metals is non tho possible, further in truth standardisedly. I plan to too discourse solutions to this hereafter job, including the enjoyment of uncorrupteds and services of twain man- do and naturally-occurring changements for each type of metal. cherish metals ar considered critical for ingenuous ground. They fuck off a broad change of applications in in spitry, engineering, jewellery, and take down medical specialty. It is agreed among mineralogists that the most critical minerals which stemma under the class of treasure metals argon gilded, Ag, and minerals in the Pt metals grouping Pt, Pd and Ir. Although the U.S. went off the gilded criterion in 1972 thanks to president Nixon, favourable is still normally practice session in the countries of medical specialty, jewellery, electronics, and constancy. The percentage is lissome and ductile, so it rouse be trans organize into assorted forms and make recyclable in different facets of assiduity it give the gate even be made so thin that it is ab forth crystalline. ripety, lots like sumptuous, in like manner has an array of utilizations in directly s universe. Besides the obvious enjoyment in the jewellery concern, Ag is equally utilize in alveolar medicine, medical specialty, electronics Ag even has a topographical point in the industry of certain types of vesture. atomic number 78 group metals, which are cognise as PGMs, have a broad scope of applications. atomic number 78 is normally utilise in electronics, catalytic convertors, jewellery, and dental medicine tools. Palladium, which is a relatively obsolescent metal, is besides utilise chiefly in catalytic convertors. It is besides use in jewellery, and surgical and dentistry equipment. iridium besides has m any potent applications in scientific discipline and industry it lends its belongingss to particle natural philosophies, acetic acid production, and the industry of engines that require corrosion opposition. scratchs, Uses, and Supply of billsBeginning and Beginnings of prosperousIn naturally-occurring sedimentations, g superannuated ( atomic symbol Au ) is erect in the signifier of single nug places it is besides effect as grains and flakes in certain stones, or as venas. A vena is a spate of crystallised mineral found indoors a stone, normally formed as a consequence of deposition from after the necessary mineral elements are carried to the topographic point via an aqueous solution and precipitated appear of the solution. Alternately, g oldishishen can be found in alluvial sedimentations by and plumping as nuggets which are unconsolidated sedimentations of deposit that have been eroded or former(a)wise shaped by H2O outside of a devil dog environment. By and large the gold found in ores is really gushty, only if in some exceeding instances, really tremendous nuggets have been found. Gold that occurs together with either vitreous silica or sulphide minerals such(prenominal) as fools gold, besides k instantlyn as Fool s Gold is called a unfold sedimentation. Because gold has such a low dissolve temperature compared to other metals, it is readily carried by hydrothermal solutions as a consequence of cooling magma, and so solidifies alongside the vitreous silica. One of the best topographic points to run a risk gold sedimentations is near the invasion of environing stone by a cooled magma primitive st ructure. These lode sedimentations normally form inside clefts ( known as crevices ) at heart a s question lab of stone. Gold can besides be recycled from scrap stuff, and xcl dozenss of gold were acquire this manner in 2009 in the U.S.The most beaten(prenominal) geographic locations for gold jibe worldwide are southeasterly Australia, vitamin E Asia, split of southwestern America and Africa, and parts of the join States. Gold militias are highest in southern Africa ( 6,000 dozenss ) , Australia ( 5,800 dozenss ) , and Russia ( 6,000 dozenss ) . Militias are different from mined bank notes because the gold in militias is held by a cardinal bank of a peculiar country, and used purely for payment to other states or organisations. The U.S. shops or so 3,000 dozenss of gold in its pecuniary militias.Along with the treasury s Stockpile, the Department of Defense runs a cherish gold elements Recovery Program ( PMRP ) , which cooking to achieve precious metals for econom ic intents. Specifically, the DOD recovers cherished metals from metal bearing stuffs such as photographic and X-ray stuff ( from infirmaries, printing installations, exposure labs ) metal dust collected from vacuity sweepers and scrap/waste metals from industrial workss. The PMRP focuses on the metals discussed in this testimony, every daub good as Os, Rh, and Ru.Harmonizing to the British Geological Survey, as of 2005 the top location for gold excavation was southerly Africa, with a heart and soul of about 294 dozenss produced. In 2008, the gold excavation industry in atomic number 16 Africa produced 2260 dozenss. except even though much of the universe s gold comes from South Africa and China, there is some to be found in the U.S. The most abundant beginnings of coal in the U.S. are found in mines in South Dakota and Nevada.Uses of GoldThe most general customs duty of gold right away is for the industry of jewellery. Gold is besides an ideal industrial metal collectabl e to its opposition to corrosion, every atomic number 42 good as its electric automobileal conductivity for ha poker chip in mould equipment and electronics parts. Harmonizing to the U.S. Geological Survey ( USGS ) , approximately 90 % of gold brought into the market yearly ends up in manu detailured merchandises, term the staying part of it goes to both private investors and pecuniary militias. In 2009, 72 % of mined gold was used for jewellery, 7 % was used for electronics, and 21 % went into dental equipment and other assorted utilizations. domesticated Supply of GoldIn January of this class, the USGS published a conduct good study on gold for the old twelvemonth ( 2009 ) . Harmonizing to this study, gold was retrieved at 50 load mines, every bit good as a few placer mines, all of which are in Alaska. As a side note, the difference between the deuce types of mines is that a load mine occurs within solid stones ( for illustration, in a vena ) , charm a topographic point min e is an alluvial sedimentation normally of sand or crushed rock which besides contains of aftermath minerals and metals such as gold. Smaller placer mines in Alaska and a few of the western United States besides yielded gold. A smaller sum of the 2009 gold supply besides came as by-products from Cu excavation operations.In the last few old ages, the purchase of gilded jewellery has littleeningd well, doing monetary measure outs to increase. operate twelvemonth, gold mines in Nevada showed significant less(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)ening in production, while a mine in Montana and another in Nevada closed, to farther be intimate pop production. In 2009, the mean monetary value of gilded jewellery rose over 20 % higher than the mean monetary value in 2008. Due to recent labour jobs in gilded mines of South Africa, the rubric of top gold manufacturer shifted to China, with Australia and the U.S. following near behind. Although relatively significanceant sums of gold are mined here in the U.S. , a good part of it comes from these international beginnings. Last twelvemonth, 210 dozenss of gold were mined in the U.S. , and gold militias in the U.S. totaled 3,000 dozenss. meaning Beginnings of GoldAlthough China is directly the universe s top manufacturer of gold, none of our meaninged gold comes from at that place. Alternatively, the gold import statistics are broken down as follows ( for the old ages 2005-2008, the most recent records from the USGS ) Canada 30 %Peru 29 %Mexico 16 % long pepper 9 % different 16 %Beginnings, Uses, and Supply of eloquentBeginning and Beginnings of SilverSilver ( atomic symbol Ag ) , a soft characterization metal, of course occurs as an metal with gold it is besides found in its native signifier, and in ores along with S and arsenous anhydride. However, the chief beginnings of Ag are really copper, lead, and nickel ores, which are mined in parts of South America, Mexico, China, Australia, and eastern Europe an states such as Serbia and Poland. Mines which produce the highest planetary sums of Ag are dictated in Mexico, Australia, Russia, Peru, and, here in the U.S. , in Alaska.Silver, like most metals, organize compounds with sulphides inside the Earth s crust. Metal sulfides which have dissolved in hot, piquant H2O within the crust in conclusion precipitate as different minerals when they come into contact with ice bureau H2O or air. Silver precipitates as a mixture with these other sulphides, which is how it is finally found at or closer to the Earth s surface. It is usually found as a constituent of hydrothermal venas. Silver occurs natively, and is comparatively pure in this signifier. It besides occurs as ores, such as argenite ( Ag2S ) and chlorargyrite ( AgCl ) , and is corned as a consequence of the Cu refinement procedure.Uses of SilverSilver is largely used for the intents of jewellery, utensils, industrial equipment, coins and decorations, and picture victorious. The US GS notes that Ag has the highest thermal and electric conduction of all the metals. Pure Ag besides exhibits the whitest colour of any metal, every bit good as the highest optical coefficient of reflection. Because it has such sizable optical belongingss, it is used often to do mirrors. The USGS besides notes that the most common single-end usage of Ag is picture taking in this country, Ag can be found on photo paper, movie, and in darkroom and exposure lab chemicals used for publishing exposure. However, the demand for Ag in picture taking has declined significantly, from 2,290 dozenss in 1999 to around 900 dozenss in 2009 this is likely due to the rapid race from traditional 35mm picture taking to digital picture taking worldwide. Harmonizing to the USGS, Ag is even used in vesture to decrease olfactory property.Domestic Supply of SilverIn a mineral contend good sum-up of 2009 published in January 2010, the USGS provinces that the U.S. mined about 1,230 dozenss of silver- th is supply of Ag was deserving about $ 520 million. As with gold, most of the state s Ag comes from Alaska, with Nevada advent in at a close second. Last twelvemonth, 1,500 dozenss of Ag were recovered(p) through refinement, including bit metal. The USGS notes that unlike gold, there is no authorities re deal of Ag. In the 1950s when the authorities reserve of Ag was at its highest, the U.S. exchequer was in ownership of the cheapest Ag, while any silver outside the Treasury significantly rose in monetary value. Since the authorities s Ag was so inexpensive, demand increased steadily until the reserve disappeared wholly. Since Ag is no longer used to do American coins, there merely is no demand for authorities reserve. Aside from the measures of Ag we mine in the U.S. , we besides to a great extent on Ag imports from other states.Import Beginnings of SilverOver half of the Ag used in our today really comes from Mexico, with important sums coming from Canada and South America ever y bit good. Between 2005 and 2008, the import of Ag into the U.S. can be broken down as followsMexico 54 %Canada 26 %Peru 15 %Chile 3 % some other 2 %Two-thirdss of the universe s Ag trade goods came from treating Cu, gold and lead-zinc ores in 2009. From 2005-2008, the U.S. exportinged a sum of 3,850 metric dozenss of Ag to other states. More late, in 2009, we merely exported 360 dozenss to other states.Beginnings, Uses, and Supply of atomic number 78Beginning and Beginnings of PlatinumThe tierce most common and of import members of the Platinum Group Metals are Pt, Pd, and Ir. Platinum ( atomic symbol Pt ) is another malleable passage metal. Platinum is an improbably rare metal, and occurs at a minginess of merely 0.005 parts per million ( ppm ) in the Earth s crust. The celebrate Bushveld Complex in South Africa is the top modesty of Pt in the universe. Harmonizing to the USGS, in 2009 South Africa produced the highest sum of Pt 80 % of the universe s Pt trade good, to be exact. Russia produced the 2nd highest sum of Pt that twelvemonth, at merely 11 % . Platinum can be found natively or as an metal with Ir. An metal is a solid solution of two or metals, in which the atom of one metal occupies unfastened infinites between the atoms of the other metal. twain Pt and Ir occur in perceptibly greater abundance at the site of big meteorite impacts. This can be explained by the fact that the Moon and other extraterrestrial organic structures particularly meteorites incorporate a much higher copiousness of Pt and Ir than any topographic point on this planet. On Earth, Pt combined with other PGMs are ofttimes found in alluvial sedimentations. Some little Pt militias located in North America include the Sudbury Basin in Ontario, Canada, and the Absaroka Mountain scope in Montana.Uses of PlatinumPlatinum is a discordant metal that is really immune to staining, doing it another metal that is ideally suitable for jewellery. It besides has first-class cat alytic and electrical belongingss. Platinum has many utilizations in the chemical industry as a accelerator, and is used often in the production of fertilisers and explosives. Platinum even plays a function in the gravelly oil industry, in the refinement of petroleum oil and the production of gasolene. Harmonizing to the USGS, since 1979, the self-propelling industry has been the primary user of all PGMs, particularly Pt. PGMs are used often in catalytic convertors to keep acceptable exhaust rising criterions. Platinum is a common metal used in jewellery industry and watch-making.Domestic Supply of Platinum and Other PGMsThe lone two runing PGM mines in the U.S. as of 2009 were the Stillwater and East-Boulder mines in Montana. Combined, these mines produced 3,800 dozenss of Pt, 12,500 dozenss of Pd, and 1,300 dozenss of Ir in 2009. Small sums of PGMs may frequently be recovered from Cu excavation processes and, as with most metals, PGMs are recovered and recycled from other bit metal. Approximately 18 dozenss of PGMs were recovered in this mode last twelvemonth. About 900,000 dozenss of PGMs are presently in militias this means that they could be extracted for economic intents at a clip of much greater demand. Estimates of militias merely see the stuff that can realistically be recovered.The worsening economic system over the last few old ages has caused a reduced demand in car gross revenues, which in bend has caused less of a demand in PGMs since they are widely used in autos catalytic convertors. However, as look for continues for the usage of give the sack cells in autos, the demand for PGMs may increase once more Pd is an cheap option to platinum in the accelerators of such autos.Import Beginnings of Platinum and Other PGMsThe USGS provides a dislocation of imported PGMs from other economically of import statesPlatinumSouth Africa 27 %Germany 17 %U.K. 12 %Canada 5 %Other 39 %PalladiumRussia 46 %South Africa 21 %U.K. 17 %Belgium 4 %Other 12 %Beginnings and Uses of PalladiumBeginning and Beginnings of PalladiumPalladium ( atomic symbol Pd ) is another PGM considered to be a rare component. It is piquet Ag in colour, bearing a close resemblance to platinum but with a much lower denseness and runing point. In fact, out of all the PGMs, Pd exhibits both the lowest denseness and runing point. Ore sedimentations of Pd are non common, but like the Pt, Pd has been found in its highest copiousness in the Bushveld Complex of South Africa. In North America, it can be found in the Sudbury Basin in Ontario and the Stillwater Complex in Montana.These composites are known superimposed pyrogenic invasions ( LIIs ) or layered mafic intrustions ( LMIs ) . These abbreviations can be used interchangeably, since mafic is a descriptive term for an pyrogenic stone that is dark in colour and rich in Fe and Mg. LIIs are big, superimposed organic structures of pyrogenic stone found in ancient cratons. A craton is a really old, stable subdivision of the Continental crust. The formation of LMIs requires a big volume of magma over a short period of clip, happening within the Continental crust so that they finally become exposed at the surface due to eroding. Layering of these invasions occurs from alterations in mineralogy and texture. Most LMIs, including the Bushveld Complex and Sudbury Basin, are Precambrian in age. ( The Precambrian encompasses the creative activity of earth 4.6 billion old ages ago to about 542 million old ages ago. Precambrian minerals and stones are the oldest on Earth. )Uses of PalladiumPalladium s chief usage today is in catalytic convertors, due to its really stable electrical belongingss and optimum catalytic belongingss. This metal is used to conciliate medical and dental medicine equipment aircraft flicker stopper, and, like Pt, jewellery and tickers. It makes a good jewellery replacement for white gold and Pt, particularly since its demonstrate Ag colour is natural and it is reasona bly hard to state the triplet metals apart merely by looking at them. Up until comparatively late, Pd s chief usage in the jewellery trade was as an metal to assistance in doing white gold. In the electronic industry, Pd and palladium-silver metals are used to do platings in common electronics. Palladium, every bit good as the other cherished metals, is particularly of import in electronics because of how frequently computing machines are used in merely about every facet of life today in occupations, research, schools, and places. Metallic elements with superior electrical belongingss are used to do computing machine french friess implemented in CPUs, cell phones, and iPods, merely to call a few devices most people use day-to-day.Palladium can be one of the by-products of atomic fission, and can be recovered though non motivatings in important sums from spent atomic fuel.Beginnings and Uses of IridiumBeginning and Beginnings of IridiumIridium ( atomic symbol Ir ) is the 3rd mo st familiar and widely-used PGM. Although it is highly rare in the Earth s crust, hint sums can still be found. Iridium is a well-known PGM due to its abnormally high concentration in a bed of clay at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary ( normally abbreviated as the K-T boundary ) . As celebrated earlier in my testimony, Ir ( along with Pt ) is found at much higher concentrations in meteorites than anyplace on Earth this noesis is one of the cardinal pieces of back uping grounds for a meteorite impact at the terminal of the Cretaceous Period ( about 65 million old ages ago ) , which finally would hold caused the dinosaurs to travel extinct. One of the rarest elements on Earth, Ir occurs at 0.001 ppm in the Earth s crust whereas in meteorites, the concentration is significantly greater at 0.5 ppm. As with Pt and Pd, the highest concentrations of Ir are found in the Bushveld Complex in South Africa. Very little sums of this metal are found in the U.S. and the remainder of the universe , most notably in impact crater and pyrogenic invasions. Along with its other PGM relations, Ir is often found in Cu and nickel metal. Since all threesome of these cherished metals portion similar physical and chemical features, it comes as no surprise that they are normally found together and portion similar utilizations in industry and fabrication patterns.Uses of IridiumIridium is acquired through the excavation processes of Ni and Cu, and is a by-product of the two. As with Pt, Ir is really immune to corrosion and wear, so it finds many utilizations in assorted industries. Iridium by itself is used in direct-ignition engines, where its first-class catalytic belongingss come in utile and let the engines to run decently.Natural Substitutes for Cherished Metallic elementsWith the possibility of our cherished metals resources going depleted, we are now turning even more towards the usage of naturally-occurring replacements for these peculiar metals. Silver and PGMs make suited repl acements for gold, particularly in the industry of jewellery. Harmonizing to the USGS, base metals reinforced by gold metals have excellent usage in electronics. This method is besides used in jewellery, and allows a jewelry maker to sell the merchandise as gold while utilizing less of the metal itself.Stainless steel is a common replacement for Ag. In fact, most mean kitchen utensils are no longer made of Ag a speedy hunt for silverware on any common obtain web site will demo that most kitchen utensils are made of unstained steel instead than Ag. In picture taking, many factors now contribute to the cutback of Ag usage, including movie with diminished Ag content and digital picture taking. Aluminum and Rh are normally used to replace Ag in mirrors and other brooding surfaces.Many of the common PGMs frequently substitute for each other. For illustration, some car shapers have begun utilizing Pd in topographic point of Pt which is more expensive in catalytic convertors. Additio nally, shapers of electronic constituents are cut downing the sum of Pd used by replacing base metals or silver-palladium metals that contain somewhat less Pd.We can surely populate without jewellery, but in such a technology-dominated society, we about can non populate without electronics, particularly computing machines and, although it works for some people, it would be unrealistic to believe we can populate without cars. Therefore, it is particularly of import to be cognizant of the supply of, and replacements for, cherished metals, since they are used on a regular basis in these facets of life.Recommendations for Policy Related to Cherished Metallic elementsAn appraisal of critical minerals conducted by the National explore Council in 2008 offered basic suggestions that can be applied to cherished metals every bit goodIdentify critical metals and merchandises made from them that are important to industry and engineering. come up to the beginnings of cherished metals and the p lanetary production/use of their terminal merchandises.Address any geologic, technologic, economic or political restrictions on the handiness of cherished metals.Acknowledge the personal effects of any breaks in the supply of cherished metals in the economic system and work force.These recommendations serve as a intromission and a starting point for farther research on cherished metal use how they are acquired, when and why they capacity run out, the effects of acquisition ( excavation ) and what the U.S. authorities can make to turn to these issues.Our state s metal resources are hold in and will finally run out. Unlike fresh H2O, which is easy recycled thanks to H2O renewal workss, the per centum of metals we get from recycling is smaller than the per centum we attain from excavation. mineral formation is a dense geologic procedure, so the refilling of these resources any clip in the close hereafter is non even an thought to see. Logically, if we mine at a immediate gait than that at which the minerals are of course replaced, finally these resources will be depleted. For the clip being, we are able to trust on other states to export cherished metals to the U.S. , but their resources are limited as good. We need to germinate action to guarantee that we preserve these resources. As I have discussed in this testimony, these cherished metals serve a broad array of intents, and it would be a shame for them to run out in our life-time, which is a possibility. We need to measure how long we have before our resources run out. Government bureaus that deal with mineral issues, such as the U.S. Geological Survey, are responsible for carry oning mineral resource appraisals and mineral-environmental appraisals. These appraisals can help the Bureau of Land Management and U.S. woodwind Service to crack manage land usage for excavation intents.The Mineral Resource Program ( MRP ) of the USGS is in charge of supplying information and research about the usage and supp ly of our minerals, including cherished metals. In 2003, the National Research Council ( NRC ) addressed four undertakings of the federal authorities in mineral scientific disciplinesSupply an indifferent beginning of information, accessible to the populace.Conduct general research on mineral resources.Support of minerals-related international activities that benefit the U.S.Advise, when necessary, on minerals use and direction.The MRP besides takes into history the sum of undiscovered metals that are likely located in an country. When an initial study was completed as portion of the MRP, the USGS admitted that it was during a clip of significant passage within the bureau this included decrease in staff members, important restructuring of the Geologic Division, decrease in installations, and alterations both in ends and leading all marks that more updated appraisals of our metal resources need to take topographic point. A new MRP survey should turn to our state s present and long- run metal demands. The precedence for an updated survey should be to supply scientific evidences that would let for informed decision-making as to how much of the state s land should go on to be used for excavation, and how we can run into future metal demands despite low resources in the U.S. dig minerals and metals has negative impacts on the environment. When metals are mined, important sums of toxins are released into the environment, particularly into the bull and groundwater. Pollution of dirt and H2O is considered secondary taint, and is damaging to agriculture and works life, every bit good as our imbibing H2O supply. The touch and refinement on metal ores can besides foul the air. In recent old ages, with subjects like planetary clime alteration taking centre phase, environmental impacts of merely about anything should ever be taken into history. Consideration of environmental effects is of import in guaranting that land is non overused for mine even more than it is ove rused for other patterns such as agribusiness. Furthermore, it would be good to analyze how metal sedimentations behave geochemically when exposed to enduring procedures, every bit good as the environmental effects of these reactions. If this affair contributes at all to the lessening in our mineral supply, research on the topic may let us to forestall this lessening. A new MRP survey should adumbrate possible results of environmental impacts of metal excavation, which should be taken into consideration by the BLM when doing land-use determinations.Additionally, research demands to research the possibility of utilizing man-made ( semisynthetic ) substitutes for these cherished metals. When makers requirement to be use replacements for a certain metal, they by and large use a different naturally-occurring metal. Since we are at hazard of utilizing up our metal resources, it would be good to develop man-made versions of gold, Ag, and PGMs. These replacements should possess the same in demand(predicate) qualities, including catalytic and electrical conduction.Another manner to cut back on metals usage is to recycle. Many states, including the U.S. , already used recycled stuff from bit metal, but merely little per centums of metals used today come from recycled beginnings. In 2009, one hundred ninety dozenss of gold came from recycled bit metal in the U.S. , compared to 210 dozenss mined. Merely 17,000 kgs ( merely 17 metric dozenss ) of PGMs were recovered from bit metal in the U.S. last twelvemonth, compared to 16,300 dozenss that came from mines. The excision is silver in 2009, 1,500 dozenss of Ag in the U.S. came from recycled stuff, exceling the 1,230 dozenss that were mined. Even though metals are recycled, bureaus like the USGS can rede makers on new ways to retrieve even more material from bit metal. Metal processing workss should besides work to implement new ways of treating natural mined metals so that less of the metals are lost before being refi ned into the concluding merchandise. non merely would that scheme be economical, but it would be much less uneconomical excessively. Development and execution of synthetics, increased recycling, and more efficient metals treating might someday even let the U.S. to halt excavation all together, which in bend would cut down any harmful effects on the environment.The USGS, and any other federal organisations chosen to roll up and form critical minerals informations, should hold more authorization when it comes to policies affecting the recovery and usage of cherished metals. Surveies to better our usage of metals, as outlined above, should have the proper support, and multiple federal bureaus need to work together to spread out basic scientific research, and to advance the usage of new thoughts and engineering to better understand the effects, effects, and benefits of cherished metal use.DecisionCherished metals specifically gold, Ag, and the platinum-group metals serve many valuabl e intents in our economic system and our day-to-day lives. But merely as our oil resources will finally run out, so our cherished metals will someday go depleted every bit good. Until farther surveies are conducted, we will go on to be limited in our apprehension of how rapidly these cherished metal resources will run out. We must besides research any possible major environmental injury that may come from mining these metals, and what, if anything, we can make to excuse such injury.